The increased incidence of thyroid cancer in children who were exposed to internal radiation at the time of Chernobyl incident has altered this concept.
并没有“把新观念取缔了旧观念”, 而是在二者之外多加了一种可能,就像你翻译的,alter是改变不是取缔。武汉的那些医生是切尔若贝利的受害者或其后代吗?
以下是表1.1的另外两种可能
Atomic bomb
  War
    Hiroshima and Nagasaki
  Testing
    Marshall Islands
    Nevada
Accidental 
   Three Mile Island
   “Hanford”
   Chernobyl
版主的用词也许不完备,但是结论没问题,因为武汉的那些医生不可能是另外两种可能